Executive Function

Eye tests predict Parkinson’s-linked cognitive decline 18 months ahead

Simple vision tests can predict which people with Parkinson's disease will develop cognitive impairment and possible dementia 18 months later, according to a new study. In a related study, the researchers also found that structural and functional connections of brain regions become decoupled through...
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Solo seniors with cognitive impairment hit hard by pandemic

The pandemic has exacerbated isolation and fears for one very vulnerable group of Americans: the 4.3 million older adults with cognitive impairment who live alone.

A prognostic Alzheimer’s disease blood test in the symptom-free stage

Using a blood test, a research team has predicted the risk of Alzheimer's disease in people who were clinically diagnosed as not having Alzheimer's disease but who perceived themselves as cognitively impaired (Subjective Cognitive Declined, SCD). The researchers analyzed blood samples from an SCD co...
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Routine eye scans may give clues to cognitive decline in diabetes

As they age, people with diabetes are more likely to develop Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders than are people without diabetes. Scientists now have shown that routine eye imaging can identify changes in the retina that may be associated with cognitive disorders in older people with ...
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Emerging from the fog: Little understood post-stroke cognitive issues are verified

For the first time, researchers have measured the physical evidence of diminished neural processing within the brain after a stroke.

No evidence that prefrontal HD-tDCS influences cue-induced food craving.

This study investigated whether the application of high definition transcranial DC stimulation (HD-tDCS) to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex reduces cue-induced food craving when combined with food-specific inhibitory control training. Using a within-subjects design, participants (N = 55) received...
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Factor structure and concurrent validity of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ) in a sample of Somali immigrants living in North America.

The process of resettlement in a new country and culture is commonly one of intense stress. Somali immigrants and refugees living in North America represent a large ethnocultural group navigating the complexities of forced displacement and resettlement. Despite the immense resilience exhibited by So...
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Acute NMDA receptor antagonism impairs working memory performance but not attention in rats—Implications for the NMDAr hypofunction theory of schizophrenia.

Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, which include impairments in working memory and attention, represent some of the most disabling symptoms of this complex psychiatric condition, and lack effective treatments. NMDA receptor (NMDAr) hypofunction is a strong candidate mechanism underlying schizophre...
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Investigation of the cortical activity during episodic future thinking in schizophrenia: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study.

Episodic future thinking (EFT) refers to mental simulation of possible future events, a process that mostly depends on episodic memory (EM). EFT impairment in schizophrenia was proposed to disturb continuity in self-functioning. Schizophrenia patients are also impaired in EM as well as executive fun...
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A role for neurogenesis in probabilistic reward learning.

Rewards are often unreliable and optimal choice requires behavioral flexibility and learning about the probabilistic nature of uncertain rewards. Probabilistic learning occurs over multiple trials, often without conscious knowledge, and is traditionally associated with striatal function. While the h...
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